Vitamins play a crucial role in metabolic processes, act as antioxidants, and assist the immune system. The body can absorb them from food, synthesize them from food, or, for instance, produce them under the influence of sunlight (as in the case of vitamin D).

Function

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is necessary for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Additionally, it is important for the production of red blood cells, which transport oxygen in the blood.

Diet

Sources include animal products such as milk and dairy, meat and processed meats, fish, and eggs. Moreover, it is often added to meat substitutes. In order to be absorbed in the intestine, the protein intrinsic factor is required. Vegans are advised to take a vitamin B12 supplement to ensure sufficient intake.

Deficiency

Deficiencies primarily occur in vegans and individuals who lack intrinsic factor. Reduced stomach acid production due to stomach and intestinal infections can lead to decreased B12 absorption. Additionally, older individuals are more prone to deficiency because stomach acid production decreases with age. A deficiency can result in anemia, leading to fatigue, dizziness, palpitations, and tinnitus. Moreover, it can have neurological consequences such as tingling in the fingers, memory loss, coordination issues, and weakness in the legs.

Excess

No negative consequences of prolonged excessive intake are known. Typically, the body ensures that not all of the excessive intake of this vitamin is absorbed in the gastrointestinal system. If an excess does occur, it can have various causes.

If you would like to learn more about your vitamin status, Book a Vitamins & Minerals or PMO uitgebreid test.

Sources

• Voedingscentrum: Vitamines. Available at https://www.voedingscentrum.nl/encyclopedie/vitamines.aspx
• Voedingscentrum: Vitamine B12. Available at https://www.voedingscentrum.nl/encyclopedie/vitamine-b12.aspx
• Thuisarts.nl: Vitamine B12. Available at https://www.thuisarts.nl/vitamine-b12